For decades, the international system has sought relief and protection through nuclear stability. Starting
from the last phases of the Cold War, the two biggest nuclear weapons owners, Russia and the United
States, have continuously provided the world with a diplomatic shield consisting of agreements, treaties,
and imposed limits aimed at regulating their strategic arsenals and preventing the risk of nuclear escalation.
In February 2026, all this has been put in question by the expiration of New START, the last remaining bilateral treaty between Moscow and Washington. For the first time in more than 50 years, no bilateral binding treaty is in force, and no additional agreement is under current negotiation.
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