Global concerns about the energy transition have assigned lithium a central strategic role (International Energy Agency, 2024), given its importance for the production process of rechargeable batteries and the recent development of the electric vehicle industry (Vega-Muratalla et al., 2024).
The so-called Lithium Triangle – consisting of Bolivia, Chile and Argentina – accounts for about 64 million tons, roughly 42.7%, of the global reserves of this mineral resource (U.S. Geological Survey, 2026), making it a strategically important area. The increase in global demands (World Bank Group, 2022) has intensified the competition between non-State and State actors for the control of the supply chains of lithium, thereby increasing it prominence within economic and strategic security dynamics.
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