Launched in January 2024 at the Italy–Africa Summit in Rome, the Mattei Plan has become a central foreign-policy plan to Italy’s renewed engagement with the African continent, and portrays Rome as a strategic bridge between Europe’s energy needs and the ways to handle migration and development (IAI, 2024). Italy frames the initiative as a “partnership of equals”, trying to distance itself from older exploitative approaches (Varvelli, 2024). On the ground, the focus on energy, especially new gas deals with Algeriand Libya, signals Rome’s two main objectives: supply diversification and a transformed role in the African continent (Michelino, 2025). Furthermore, the migration-development nexus, too, as seen in recent cooperation protocols with Tunisia, shows how politically relevant the Plan has become, but also how unstable its implementation still is (The New Arab,2024).
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