Since 2023, military expenditure in Central and Western Europe has far surpassed the levels seen at the end of the Cold War. However, several countries struggle to meet the NATO military spending target of 2% of gross domestic product. One of the obstacles they face is the European Union fiscal rules of the Stability and Growth Pact, which set boundaries for the debt-financed expansion of overall government expenditure.
EU-NATO countries are torn between increasing their military expenditure significantly while also adhering to the EU fiscal rules.
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